There are a range of tests available to confirm a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and to investigate the bowel and other parts of the body. Each patient may have one or more of these. As part of the process of gaining patient consent, the purpose of the test, along with its risks and benefits will be explained fully. If a patient feels that they have not fully understood the test or why it is recommended for them, they can ask for further information.
Rigid sigmoidoscopy
This test allows visualisation of the lining of the rectum. It can be done in clinic and takes a minute or two. A short telescope is inserted into the back passage with a small amount of air. Tiny biopsies of the rectum can be taken painlessly during the test. If a biopsy is taken, the patient may experience a small amount of blood in their stools for a short period after the test. This is normal and is no cause for alarm.
Colonoscopy
This test allows the medical team to look directly at the lining of the whole colon. This is done by passing a thin, flexible telescope through the anus. The bowel needs to be clean and the patient will be sent laxative medicine and instructions on how to take it, with the details of their appointment. The procedure is carried out under sedation. Small biopsies can be taken painlessly. The test itself takes about 30 minutes, but the patient should expect to be in the department for up to three hours.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
This test is similar to a colonoscopy but only half of the colon is examined. For this reason, the patient will not be sedated. The patient will be given a small enema in the Endoscopy Unit just before the test. The test takes about 10 to 15minutes.
Other tests
As part of the process of confirming a diagnosis, the patient may have one of the following tests. Click on the name of the test to find out more about them.
After all the tests have taken place, the results are discussed in a multi-disciplinary meeting (MDT). Specialists from the different departments involved in the patient's case will discuss the results together and decide on the best treatment plan. This plan will then be discussed with the patient as soon as possible, usually at an outpatient appointment.